PREVALENCE OF NECK AND UPPER EXTREMITY DISABILITY AMONG SONOGRAPHERS OF TWIN CITIES
Keywords:
DASH questionnaire, Musculoskeletal pain, Neck Disability Index, Occupational health, Prevalence, Sonographers, Work-related disability.Abstract
Background: Sonographers are at high risk for developing musculoskeletal disorders due to the repetitive nature of their work and sustained static postures, particularly affecting the neck and upper limbs. These occupational demands can lead to persistent discomfort and functional limitations, ultimately impacting professional performance and quality of life. Despite growing global awareness, the burden of such disabilities in Pakistan remains underreported, especially among diagnostic professionals in the twin cities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of neck disability, upper extremity disability, and work-related upper extremity impairment among sonographers.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2022 to June 2022 among 106 sonographers working in diagnostic centers and hospitals across Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Participants were selected through non-probability sampling. Inclusion criteria comprised sonographers aged 24–65 years, with more than one year of experience, and working over 20 hours per week. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. The Neck Disability Index (NDI) was used to assess neck disability, while the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire and its work module were employed to evaluate upper extremity disability and work-related impairments. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26, with results expressed in frequencies and percentages.
Results: Out of 106 recruited participants, 102 completed the survey. Among them, 87.3% (n=89) experienced mild neck disability. Mild upper extremity disability was reported by 40.2% (n=41) of sonographers. Additionally, 67.6% (n=69) of participants presented with mild work-related upper extremity disability according to the DASH work module.
Conclusion: The findings confirm that neck and upper extremity disabilities are highly prevalent among sonographers in Pakistan. Most participants exhibited mild forms of disability, emphasizing the need for ergonomic adjustments, preventive strategies, and awareness to safeguard this essential healthcare workforce.
https://doi.org/10.71000/f2rxx368
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Copyright (c) 2025 Marium Khalid, Rehana Ashfaq, Sidra Hanif, Abeera tul Jannat Satti, Manahil Shahid, Zoha Furrukh (Author)
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